The two largest schools, the University of Montana and Montana State University, are members of the Big Sky Conference and have enjoyed a strong athletic rivalry since the early twentieth century. Browse by Montana counties. On January 20, 1954, 70F or 56.7C was recorded at a gold mining camp near Rogers Pass. Is Montana a good place to live? [184] During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which had a 32% increase in its population from 2000 to 2010. The mountain ranges block the moist Pacific air, holding moisture in the western valleys, and creating rain shadows to the east. The Montana Worker's Compensation Court was established by the Montana Workers' Compensation Act in 1975. [12] Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and thought a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Three issues that the constitutional convention was unable to resolve were submitted to voters simultaneously with the proposed constitution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service administers 16,800,000 acres (68,000km2) of forest land in ten National Forests. It is one of five states to have no sales tax.[317]. The state spans from below the 45th parallel (the line equidistant between the equator and North Pole) to the 49th parallel, and elevations range from under 2,000 feet (610m) to nearly 13,000 feet (4,000m) above sea level. [198] Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone Counties. [290] Before the creation of Montana Territory (18641889), areas within present-day Montana were part of the Oregon Territory (18481859), Washington Territory (18531863), Idaho Territory (18631864), and Dakota Territory (18611864). Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. [300][301] Montana's other major airports include Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. During World War II, the planned battleship USS Montana was named in honor of the state but it was never completed. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). [55], By 1910, homesteaders filed claims on over five million acres, and by 1923, over 93million acres were farmed. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . [292], As of 2010, Missoula is the 166th largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research, while Billings is 170th, Great Falls is 190th, the Butte/Bozeman area 191st, and Helena is 206th. Montana District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in Montana. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. The council also passed rules limiting public gatherings and prohibiting the speaking of German in public. No textbooks were used in the school. They say it will stay with you forever. [188] The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415. The District Courts suffer from excessive workload, and the legislature has struggled to find a solution to the problem. [41] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. [271], Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. A 1974 state severance tax on coal (which varied from 20 to 30%) was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981). Burnings of German-language books and several near-hangings occurred. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. Wheeler was brought before the Council of Defense, though he avoided formal proceedings, and a district court judge from Forsyth was impeached. All members are limited to serving no more than eight years in a single 16-year period. [167] Winter cold spells are usually the result of cold continental air coming south from Canada. Report to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service", "Montana Shakespeare Company Finds New Home at Helena Civic Center", "UM Climate Expert Says Triple-digit Julys Will Be Norm", "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010", "In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List", "Overcast tune named official Montana lullaby", "93rd Annual Crow Fair Celebration Under the Big Sky", "Impacts of Climate Change From 2000 to 2050 on Wildfire Activity and Carbonaceous Aerosol Concentrations in the Western United States", "The Lady Honyocker-How Girls Take Up Claim and Make Their Homes on the Prairie", "National-park visitors boost Montana's tourism stats", "2010 Census Redistricting Data Summary File, Table P1", "Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012", "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012", "Bozeman Airport now the Busiest in Montana", "Bridger Bowl, Bozeman Montana ~ Vacation Planning", "Census 201020 Largest Montana Cities, Counties", "Climate of 2007July in Historical Perspective", "Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st session", "Continental Divides in North Dakota and North America", "Cross Country Skiing and Snowshoeing in Yellowstone Yellowstone National Park", "Current List of Eligible EAS Communities", "Davis Finds Joy, Value in Being Technical Specialist", "Demographic and Economic Profile: Montana", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Bighorn River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Boulder River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Clark Fork River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Kootenai River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Musselshell River", "Detailed Waterbody Report-Stillwater River", "Dry Farming in the North Central Montana "Triangle", "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site Cowboys and Cattlemen", "Great Seal, Montana Code Annotated: 1-1-501", "History and Preservation The Montana Historical Society: Montana's Museum", "Hmong Qeej Music: Tou Yang Mai K. Moua, Missoula", "Indian Education for All Montana Indians: Their History and Location", "John Misha Petkevich Bio, Stats, and Results", "Local Television Market Universe Estimates", "Montana Access Guide to State and Federal Lands", "Montana Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSA) Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas", "Montana Legislature 63rd SessionMajority and Minority Party Numbers 1889Present", "Paddling Montana: Yellowstone River ~~ Excerpted from Paddling Montana by Hank Fisher", "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000", "Population of Gallatin County, Montana: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map", "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010", "Property Tax Liability, Billing and Collection", "Resident Population Data (Text Version)", "Saskatchewan River-From Glaciers to Grasslands", "Schweitzer Could Win Sen. nom in '14 but Maybe not MT in '16", "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. [59] Overall, anti-German and antilabor sentiment increased and created a movement that led to the passage of the Montana Sedition Act the following February. The U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management controls 8,100,000 acres (33,000km2) of federal land. Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and "The Last Best Place". Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and patriotism was strong. [232], Tourism is also important to the economy, with more than ten million visitors a year to Glacier National Park, Flathead Lake, the Missouri River headwaters, the site of the Battle of Little Bighorn, and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park. The first gold discovered in Montana was at Gold Creek near present-day Garrison in 1852. Montana eventually became home to the largest ICBM field in the U.S. covering 23,500 square miles (61,000km2).[74]. [77] Most of Montana's hundred or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the northern Rocky Mountains. The war created a boom for Montana mining, lumber, and farming interests, as demand for war materials and food increased. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three eastwest transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. [310], The 1972 constitution has been amended 31 times as of 2015. (The Public Service Commission's jurisdiction is statewide.). [197] Of Montana's 56 counties, Native Americans constitute a majority in three: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Montana's judicial nonpartisan election law in American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, 567 U.S. ____ (Sup.Ct. However, it will get its second district back due to reapportionment following the 2020 census. The wheat farms in eastern Montana make the state a major producer; the wheat has a relatively high protein content, thus commands premium prices. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. Extensive new constitutional rights for victims of crime were approved in 2016. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. [90][125] The Pend Oreille River forms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. The executive branch is headed by an elected governor. [12], Various indigenous peoples have lived in the territory of the present-day state of Montana for thousands of years. [182], Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and three cities with populations over 50,000: Missoula, Great Falls and Bozeman. Six of Montana's smaller four-year schools are members of the Frontier Conference. Montana's Senate district is the fourth largest by area, behind Alaska, Texas, and California. Montana Youth Courts were established by the Montana Youth Court Act of 1974. [240] The first school year was scheduled to begin in January 1866, but severe weather postponed its opening until March. With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. The deadline for a legislator to introduce an appropriations, revenue, or referendum bill is the 62nd legislative day. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. Ninety percent of its language came from an 1884 constitution which was never acted upon by Congress for national political reasons. [59], War sentiment was complicated by labor issues. [167], The coldest temperature on record for Montana is also the coldest temperature for the contiguous United States. In 1881, the Utah and Northern Railway, a branch line of the Union Pacific, completed a narrow-gauge line from northern Utah to Butte. [306] In 1914, Montana granted women the vote. [61] In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [246], Many notable Montana authors have documented or been inspired by life in Montana in both fiction and non-fiction works. Lewistown is also surrounded by five mountain ranges. This shift continued with the reapportionment of the state's legislative districts that took effect in 1994, when the Republican Party took control of both chambers of the state legislature, consolidating a Republican party dominance that lasted until the 2004 reapportionment produced more swing districts and a brief period of Democratic legislative majorities in the mid-2000s. Montana is one of the largest states in the United States of America. Around 1500 Montanans died as a result of the war and 2437 were wounded, also higher than any other state on a per capita basis. Gold rushes to the region commenced in earnest starting in 1862. The closest commercial service airport is the Billings-Logan International Airport located at 1901 Terminal Cir, Billings, Montana 59105. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. Email agent. [294] As of August 2013, there are 527 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Montana, with 114 such AM stations. All waters in Montana west of the divide flow into the Columbia River. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. Intercity bus service in Montana is provided by Jefferson Lines and Express Arrow. Eastern Montana . [212] The state was sued in 2004 because of lack of funding, and the state has increased its support of the program. In the reapportionment following the 2020 census, Montana regained a House seat, increasing the state's number of representatives in the House to two after a thirty-year break, starting from 2023.[318]. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana. [144] It is the longest undammed, free-flowing river in the contiguous United States,[145][146] and drains about a quarter of Montana (36,000 square miles (93,000km2)). Many individuals claiming conscientious objector status from throughout the U.S. were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.[70]. [141] It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.[302]. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. [46] In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. The health care, service, and government sectors are also significant to the state's economy. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all From statehood in 1889 until 1913, Montana was represented in the United States House of Representatives by a single representative, elected at-large. Weather and agricultural conditions are much harsher and drier west of the 100th meridian. [44] By 1880, farms were in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few were on the eastern plains. The treaty was ratified in 1859. Matt Rosendale is the current officeholder. [11], The name was changed by representatives Henry Wilson (Massachusetts) and Benjamin F. Harding (Oregon), who complained that Montana had "no meaning". 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