A. true. The simplest form any current transformer can take is the ring type or Window type, examples of which are given in the below figure which shows three commonly used shapes i.e., stadium, circular and rectangular orifices. Types & Working of Voltage Transformers, Difference Between Current Transformer & Potential Transformer. The primary is connected in series with the line where the current is to be measured, and the secondary is connected across a low-range ammeter (range of 0-5A). Measuring Current Transformer: Used to measure high current in a safe manner.generally class 0.1,0.2,1.0. Figure 8 Schematic connection of primary CT windings with double ratio. The bar type CT is fully insulated to the switchgear voltage. The current into the secondary winding depends upon the current flowing in the primary winding. Figure 6 - Bar Primary Type Current Transformer (CT having Single Primary turn with the Primary Conductor embedded) Go back to contents . By using Grain-oriented cold-rolled silicon steel. The core, if of a nickel-iron alloy or an oriented electrical steel is almost certainly of the continuously wound type. When applying auxiliary CTs, the user must be aware of their reflected impedance on the mainline CT. [1] Being Un the rated voltage of the network: HV Un 60 kV; MV 1 kV < Un 49.5 kV. The uses are the same as the window type. While there are several different types of current transformers, the basic construction is much the same. In high line voltage systems oil-immersed current transformers are used. it opens the core of the instrument transformer. 2.7.4 Current transformer construction. Switched Reluctance Motor Drive: Definition and Function. But in a practical current transformer, there is a phase difference between the secondary and the primary current since the primary output has also supplied the portion of the exciting current. In a perfect current transformer, the vector angle between the reversed secondary and primary current is zero. It is considered to be an incomplete transformer assembly since it consists only of a secondary winding wound on its core. It is helpful for engineering life. The bar may be of rectangular or circular cross-section. The Specification of CT 1 . A bar current transformer is a special type of window current transformer with a solid bar placed permanently through the window. The Global Current Transformer Market is segmented based on type, construction, core, voltage rating, application, and region. . This is due to the fact the ratio of 100/5 presents the input/output current rating and not the practical ratio of the primary to the secondary outputs. If the ammeter on the secondary winding is read 1.5 amps i.e, I2 = 1.5A. Advantages & Application, Working Principle of Transformer: Discover the Mechanism Involved in the Operation, Difference between Power Transformer and Distribution Transformer, Easy Guide to Cooling Tower Efficiency & How To Increase it, Parts of Boiler and Their Function in the Boilers, Types of Alternator: Features, Advantages, and Vast Usage, Ball Valve Parts: An Easy-to-Understand Guide (2022 Updated). Often only 50% of the effective magnetic path is used. The current moving across the primary is the product of the secondary current, and the turn ratio Is Kt and the sum of the exciting current I0 with them. The instruments (ammeter etc.) The primary winding has very few windings, with some transformers only using one. A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to measure AC current. RF, which is a characteristic of metering and energy metering cores, represents the amount by which the primary load current may be increased over its nameplate rating without exceeding the allowable temperature rise, that is to say, the transformers overload capability. A typical connection . The primary winding may be a conductor, strip etc whose current is to be reduced. CT consists of three main components: a primary winding . Now here we have learnt Current Transformer Working, Types & Construction.You can download this article as pdf, ppt. Difference between Power Transformers and Distribution Transformers? Bar type. Itproduces an alternating current (AC) in its secondary which is proportional to the AC currentin its primary. The primary and the secondary sections are insulated from the cores and each other. A variant of the . For a low voltage wound type CT, the secondary turns are wound . Common value for RF is 1.5. . The use of this type should be with discretion since this construction results in higher-than-normal errors. Frequency Range: 0.0480 to 0.0620 kHz. To summarize, the Current Transformer (CT) is a form of transformers employed to transform a primary current into a secondary output across a magnetic medium. The maximum current up to which the transformer must maintain its current ratio is 40,000 amperes. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. For instance, assume that the current rate of the primary part is 100A and the secondary winding has the normal rate of 5A. Keep in mind that the internal resistance of ampere-meter is very low, thus, a current transformer works as a short circuit. The secondary winding is wound with more number of turns of a small cross-sectioned conductor. The secondary output lags behinds the secondary stimulated voltage by a particular angle (). Your email address will not be published. Outdoor Current Transformers: Outdoor current transformers are available in Bar-Type and Window-Type styles, 5-15 kV, 60 kV-110 kV BIL, up to 4000 A. The primary windings of the potential transformer are directly connected to the power circuit whose voltage is to be measured. Indoor and Outdoor Current Transformers Overview - Specifications. For this reason, the secondary of a current transformer should always be short-circuited before removing the device connected to its secondary. Then the primary current or load current I1 is given as. [2] IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission. This is sometimes provided to fit a specific bus arrangement found in the rear of switchgear panels or on draw out-type circuit breakers. The most common type is that wound on a toroidal core. 4. Usually HV CT use oil or gas (SF6) as insulation medium and MV CT use synthetic resins. CTs used in substations are usually mounted outdoors. Essentially, C relaying accuracy class applies to a current transformer of the toroidal, bushing or window type, commonly called donut-type transformers. Fig. 1 A, 5A. Base on the absence of the counter ampere rolls of the secondary section, the unopposed primary MMF (Magnetomotive Force) will set up an uncommonly great flux in the system. These current transformers have an opening where the conductor carrying the primary load is passed. 3. The rated burden is the amount of load that can be imposed on the secondary winding of the CT without causing an error higher than that defined by its accuracy class. The manner in which the windings are arranged on the core affects the reactance since it is a geometric function. Its winding and core construction is such that it can hinge open, or totally separate into two parts. They isolate the measurement and sensing devices from the main circuit. MV CT are usually installed indoors, in MV Switchgears Figure 4. B. false. Plz, give the potential transformer theory, construction and working. One is Live Tank CT and another one is Dead Tank CT. . The current rate of the transformer is normally high. In practice, they are intended to be used over insulated conductors when the conductor voltage exceeds 600 V. It is common practice to utilize a 600 V class window type in conjunction with air space between the window and the conductor on higher-voltage systems. Therefore, if we know the current ratio and the rating of AC ampere meter, we may determine the line current. Therefore, the current transformer performs based on the secondary circuit states. There are different types of design and construction of current transformers which will be explained later, whose performance can be calculated or must be tested to determine. Wound Current Transformers: The transformers primary section is physically configured in series form with the conductor that carries the detected current flowing in the system. 3. SAT 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 M s 38 CT Types s . Types of Wind Turbines: Type 1, 2, 3, and 4 Explained! The conductor itself acts as a single turn primary winding. The knee-point voltage is less applicable for metering current transformers as their accuracy is generally much tighter but constrained within a very small bandwidth of the current transformer rating, typically 1.2 to 1.5 times rated current. Tamper-Resistant Outlet: What is it? Some current transformers contain a split core which permits them to be opened, installed, and closed without disconnecting the system to which they are joined. The bar-type current transformer is, for all practical purposes, a window-type current transformer with a primary bar inserted straight through the window. The secondary winding is wounded on a circular core that surrounds the primary bar conductor as shown below. Potential Transformer (P.T.) Generally, most of the current transformer's secondary current is rated at 5A. In short, it should be never operated at no-load condition when the current is flowing through the primary. They are classified into four basic types: Hairpin tank type, Cascade/eye bolt type, Top core type and Combined current-voltage type. The core of the current transformer is built up with lamination of silicon steel. These very high dangerous voltages will damage the winding insulation and can give a fatal shock to the operator. V Curves and Inverted V Curves of Synchronous Motor, Difference Between Salient Pole & Non-Salient Pole Rotor, Two Wattmeter Method of Power Measurement - Balanced Load, Induction Type Energy Meter - Construction, Working & Torque Equation. Visit here to explore more about the construction of a current transformer. Assume that a bar primary type 2000/5A (CROSS core) current transformer having a core csa area of 20 square cm's is available with a secondary resistance of 0 31 ohm. Bar Type C. T. It has a circular ring type core, on which secondary is Wound. The ammeter is required to give a full scale deflection when the primary current is 800 Amps. The ammeter, or wattmeter current coil, are connected directly across the secondary winding terminals. Where Is is the secondary current, Es is the secondary induced voltage, Ip is the primary current, Ep is the primary induced voltage, Kt is turn ratio, or the number of secondary turn/number of primary turn, I0 is the excitation current, Im is the magnetizing current, Iw is the working component, and s is main flux. If the load (or ammeter) should be removed, a short-circuit must be set across the secondary terminals primarily to remove the risk of shocking. The transformation, or the amount of change, is dependent on the number of turns of both the primary and secondary conductors. A current transformer is connected in series to the current-carrying conductor and an ammeter is connected to its secondary. Also, consider that the number of rolls and the current in the secondary and primary windings are related by an inverse ratio. In the manufacture of current transformers assembly of lamination stacks demands somewhat greater core cross-section than ordinary transformers in order to keep down the reluctance of the interleaved corners as low as possible so as to minimize the magnetizing current.Sometimes cut cores are used. CT are connected in series and protection devices and metering equipment are connected to the secondary of the CT in series association, as shown in Figure 1. The secondary output can be created much lower than the current in the primary winding by increasing the number of secondary windings, Ns, being sensed because as Ns rises, Is (Current of secondary part) reduces by a related amount. Where required for test purposes, terminals in the form of test blocks are provided on the switchgear for the connection of external instruments and metering equipment. Generally, the windings do not utilize the magnetic path efficiently. Such use may be seen in isolated-phase bus compartments. 2. How to Connect Automatic UPS / Inverter to the Home Supply System? Below are the types of current transformers in the manner of construction and applications. The rated burden on a load can be calculated as the value of the burden on the nameplate of the current transformer. Since the leakage flux is negligible, the excitation characteristics (see Section I. The current transformer is used with its primary winding connected in series with line carrying the current to be measured and, therefore, the primary current is dependant upon the load connected to the system and is not determined by the load (burden)connected on the secondary winding of the current transformer. Bar Current Transformers. Wound-type current transformers, T-type classification, are . How Does it Work? Uncommon current primary rates differ from 10 A to 3000 A or more. Home > Transformer > What is the Current Transformer? Current transformer is used to step down the current of power system to a lower level to make it feasible to be measured by small rating Ammeter (i.e. 3). EE-Tools, Instruments, Devices, Components & Measurements, What is Potential Transformer (PT)? 2 Explanation: The current transformer are generally classified in two types. least 40 V. With bar primary, number of turns = 20. Unlike the structure of a power or voltage transformer, the current transformer includes only one or very few turns as its primary section. Typically, the single straight line considers as primary winding. These CTs are connected such as hallow nature. The figure below shows thewound type transformer. Most current transformers have the normal secondary rating of 5 A, with the secondary and primary currents being presented as a ratio such as 5/100. In a current transformer, the current in the primary depends upon the line current or load current to which the primary is connected, but on the load connected to the CT secondary. he primary windings of the current transformers carry the current which is to be measured, and it is connected to the main circui The current transformer is mainly classified into three types, i . In a low voltage wound type current transformer the secondary winding is wound on a bakelite former or bobbin and the heavy primary conductor is either wound directly on top of secondary winding, suitable insulation being first applied over the secondary winding or the primary is wound entirely separately, taped with suitable insulating material and then assembled with the secondary winding on the core. Your email address will not be published. The primary consists of a bar-type conductor with a suitable cross-section. Our offered transformer is manufactured using the finest quality raw material and the most recent technology in compliance with the international quality standards. Types of current transformer based on construction. Current transformers (CT) are used in High Voltage (HV) and Medium Voltage (MV)[1] installations to give an image of electrical current to protection relays and units and metering equipment and they are designed to provide a current in its secondary proportional to the current flowing in its primary. So, for instance, a current transformer with a ratio of, say, 300/5 can be modified to another of 150/5 or even 100/5 by passing the basic primary conductor within its interior window two or three times. They are typically 600 V class since they are used in the low-voltage circuit. Current-Transformer.ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Ac ) in its secondary from 10 a to 3000 a or.! 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