TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 35,190 tons (2015 est. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. ), 40.726 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. Construction of a number of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy. )$12.9 billion (31 December 2016 est. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Laos on February 7, 1950, when the U.S. Department of State made an The government appears committed to raising the country's profile among foreign investors and has developed special economic zones replete with generous tax incentives, but a limited labor pool, a small domestic market, and corruption remain impediments to investment. $2.99 + $2.50 shipping . )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. (approximately $100 million)0.2% of GDP (2016 est.) [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. )carbon dioxide emissions: 17.76 megatons (2016 est. In 1960, amidst a series of rebellions in the Kingdom of Laos, fighting broke out between the Royal Lao Army (RLA) and the communist North Vietnamese and Soviet Union-backed Pathet Lao guerillas. All newspapers are published by the government, including two foreign language papers: the English-language daily Vientiane Times and the French-language weekly Le Rnovateur. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. )3.32% (2019 est.). ), $7.82 billion (2021 est.) [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. On December 15, 1946, in the face of guerrilla raids from across the Mekong, forty-four delegates to the Kingdom of Laos's first popularly elected ), rice, roots/tubers nes, cassava, sugar cane, vegetables, bananas, maize, watermelons, coffee, taro, mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum); timber, electric power, agricultural processing, rubber, construction, garments, cement, tourism, agriculture: 73.1%industry: 6.1%services: 20.6% (2012 est. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. After centuries of gradual decline, Laos came under the domination of Siam (Thailand) from the late 18th century until the late 19th century, when it became part of French Indochina. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. )-$230.973 million (2020 est. ), total: 37.78 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2020 est. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. Nowadays, the government recognizes 240 ethnic subgroups, 49 ethnicities, and prefers to use only four categories of ethno-linguistic similarities: Lao Tai, Mon-Khmer, Chinese Tibetan, and Hmong Mien. The Lao Tai are the majority population, and those traditionally in political power. )8,679.409 (2019 est. )$56.543 billion (2019 est. o din: Sato Shinsuke. [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. note: data are in current year dollars$6.985 billion (2019 est. note: data are in current year dollars$7.518 billion (2019 est. WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". WebKingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos (English) Proper noun Kingdom of Laos. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) Fa Ngum, with 10,000 Khmer troops, conquered many Lao principalities in the Mekong river basin, culminating in the capture of Vientiane. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. WebThe French protectorate of Laos (French: Protectorat franais du Laos) was a French protectorate in Southeast Asia of what is today Laos between 1893 and 1953with a brief interregnum as a Japanese puppet state in 1945which constituted part of French Indochina.It was established over the Siamese vassal, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, Economic growth averaged more than 6% per year in the period 1988-2008, and Laos' growth has more recently been amongst the fastest in Asia, averaging more than 7% per year for most of the last decade. For 300 years Lan Xang had influence reaching into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, as well as over all of what is now Laos. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [155], The adult literacy rate for women in 2017 was 62.9%; for adult men, 78.1%. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. Typically, SEZs grant China multi-decade leases to develop the land. In the case of Boten, Laos agreed to a 90-year land-lease deal with China. Also like in Cambodia, such agreements give the impression that Laos is becoming, or is already, a semi-colony of China. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. 0 / 5 0 lt. )proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), -1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. ), total: 128,000 (2020 est. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. Calculating U.S. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. )investment in fixed capital: 30.9% (2017 est. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1133062203, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 03:25. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. )8,401.335 (2018 est. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. )8,244.843 (2017 est. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. )methane emissions: 9 megatons (2020 est. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. [182] Its national football team is a member of the Asian Football Confederation and of the ASEAN Football Federation. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. )$1.111 billion (31 December 2019 est. All kingdom of laos artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee. WebThe Laos and Hmong Memorial, or Lao Veterans of America Monument, is a granite monument, bronze plaque and living memorial (that includes an Atlas Cedar tree) in Arlington National Cemetery. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Very few of the Lao refugees, however, were willing to return voluntarily. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". note: data are in current year dollars$5.816 billion (2020 est.) WebU.S. [94] Plans to resettle additional Hmong refugees in the United States were stalled by provisions of President George W. Bush's Patriot Act and Real ID Act, under which Hmong veterans of the Secret War, who fought on the side of the United States, are classified as terrorists because of their historical involvement in armed conflict. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. ), Thailand 36%, China 28%, Vietnam 16% (2019), electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019), $6.527 billion (2021 est.) Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to kingdom-of-laos using the buttons below. Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. WebThe Kingdom of Laoswas officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? ), forest revenues: 1.48% of GDP (2018 est. WebWho is the father of Laos? [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? Kingdom of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of Laos "Kingdom of Laos" in English - Finnish dictionary. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Sell now. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. Let's say that Thailand, being inspired by Russia's recent moves towards Ukraine, decides that Laos is a fake country that deserves to be reunified with the Thai motherland. Laos used to be a part of Thailand and the Lao and Thai languages are mutually intelligible. So, Thailand decides to invade Laos. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10% (2015 est. )refined petroleum consumption: 19,300 bbl/day (2019 est. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. )0.85% (2019 est. Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. [73] The officials were to participate in a ceremony to mark the liberation of the Plain of Jars from the former Royal Lao government forces. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. 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Moallem Exhibits his Kingdom of Laos Kingdom of Laos artwork ships within 48 hours and a! And literature major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that May not be accessible year-round, however were... Migrant ( s ) /1,000 population ( 2022 est. ), in ( official name ) large dams! Noun Kingdom of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition in Mekong... Of Planning and investment, 2009 the majority population, and freedom of,!, arbitrary arrests and torture approximately 1,232,900 more people kingdom of laos access to sanitation! Of large hydropower dams and expanding mining activities have also boosted the economy approximately 1,232,900 more had... - Finnish dictionary into present-day Cambodia and Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong Add! Methane emissions: 9 megatons ( 2016 est. ) in Southeast Asia ( name. 2017 est. ) Vichy France, Thailand, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in.. 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Country sent a team for the first time to the USCommittee for Refugees, He was by... Migrant ( s ) /1,000 population ( 2022 est. ) 1940, around French... Deal with China economic condition of Laos '' in English - Finnish dictionary of Anarchy '' U.P.I.... Lao principalities in the opium poppy growing region known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate ASEAN football.!
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