According to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the average American woman (excluding the considerations of race, sexual orientation, age, income level, physical ability, and whether or not they have children) earns almost 82 cents for every dollar the average American man does an 18.2% difference in pay compared to the male median wage. The corporate executive labor market is one in which the pool of people with appropriate talent and skill is limited relative to the demand, creating significant competition. According to a 2021 report by the World Economic Forum, women earn 37% less than men in similar positions. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/934039/gender-pay-gap-select-countries/, Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020, Available to download in PNG, PDF, XLS format, The EU Gender Equality Index 2020, by type of inequality, Gender pay gap in Italy 2015-2020, by grading, Annual gross salary in Italy 2020, by grading and gender, Quarterly unemployment rate in Italy 2018-2020, by gender, Quarterly youth unemployment rate in Italy 2018-2020, by gender, Economic inactivity rate in Italy 2019-2020, by gender, Women in the boards of companies listed in stock exchange in Italy 2013-2019, Share of female and male mayors in Italy 2020, Engagement in political activities in Italy 2020, by gender, Difficulties encountered in professional life in G7 countries 2020, by gender, Idea of gender equality in work field in Italy 2021, Solutions to reduce gender disparities in the work field in Italy 2021, Common situations occurring at workplace in Italy 2020, by gender, Opinions about barriers for women in business in Italy 2020, Opinions on transparency on wages in Italy 2021, by gender, Opinions on outcomes of women access to senior management positions in Italy 2020, Statements on gender pay gap worldwide 2021, by gender, Opinions on whether gender or ethnicity inequality will worsen 2021, by country, Opinions about closing the gender gap in Italy 2021, Opinions on gender pay gaps in the media in Italy 2021, Opinions on the importance of closing the gender pay gap in Italy 2021, by gender, Parents' opinion on good jobs for their children in Italy 2021, by gender of child, Opinions on sexist situations in Italy 2021, by gender, Opinions on what can be considered sexual abuse in Italy 2020, by severity, Opinions on COVID-19 recovery and gender issues in Italy 2021, Perceptions of COVID-19 impact on men and women in Italy 2021, Italy: gender average declared income gap 2015, Gross salary of architecture and design industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of construction workers in Italy 2020, by gender, Gross salary of metallurgy and steel industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of chemical industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of agricultural workers in 2020, by gender, Public opinion on the existence of gender pay gap in France 2019, Annual gross salary of personal services employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Gross salary of transport and logistics industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Annual gross salary of engineering industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Gross salary of cement, bricks & ceramics industry employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Annual gross salary of staffing agencies' employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Gross salary of oil and gas industry employees in Italy 2019, by gender, Annual gross salary of fashion industry employees in Italy 2020, by gender, Public opinion on the existence of gender pay gap in Hungary 2020, Gender pay gap in Russia 2019, by industry, U.S. annual median earnings of workers 2021, by gender, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. Taylor is also the author ofThe Instant Economist: Everything You Need to Know About How the Economy Works,published by the Penguin Group in 2012. Deep Learning is Transforming the Construction Industry, , just published by the International Labour Organization, devotes two main chapters to the theme "What lies behind gender pay gaps. All rights reserved. "[T]the low labour market participation of women vis--vis men is a global phenomenon. Here's how, How skills-based organizations can use AI to create the jobs of tomorrow, 5 ways we can develop the digital skills our economy needs, Defining Education 4.0: A Taxonomy for the Future of Learning, Why learning to code should be a central part of the global education system, These are the 4 skills youll need in the workplace of the future, In Egypt, these Kids are Learning About Renewable Energy through Lego. When we look at the first discoveries for the United States, we can look at the variables that incorporate in the reverting that are more than likely adequate to report for the higher sex pay gap that is higher in the United States than if we compared it with other countries set in the West. Conducting a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis we determine that when we add the cultural norm variables to a model with previous explanatory variables such as executive role, tenure, and firm characteristics, the models explanatory power for the executive gender compensation gap increases from 44% to 95%. Australia's full time gender pay gap currently sits at 14.1%, but it is at its lowest in Victoria (9.3%) and at its highest in Western Australia (23.1%). The controlled gender pay gap is $0.99 cents for every $1 men make, which is one cent closer to equal but still not equal. That's a difference of 25 percentage points, with some regions facing a gap of more than 50 percentage points. They believe this is merely due to the huge effect that the gender gap variable holds , even though even through the year the rising supply of women in the working field is also playing a key character in these findings, Blau and Kahn (1992, 1995, 1996b). Among the 22 countries studied over the period of 9 years, the hypothesis being pursued was to figure out based on whether more equality driven countries are related with the lower wage gaps. Our study shows a significant association between cultural attitudes towards women and gender gaps in compensation even in a very competitive market, top executives, where many factors that have previously been employed to explain gender differences would be minimal. Chart. * Data from 2019 This illustrates vertical occupational segregation that is, the clustering of men at the top of occupational hierarchies and of women at the bottom.". France has the smallest unadjusted gap with women earning about 88 cents per euro men earn. A paid subscription is required for full access. Latest available data for a fixed period, For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. Is the Pandemic Worse in Lower or Higher Income Countries. On average, women around the world are paid 15.6% per hour less than men. For perspective, that's like earning $32,500 a year while a comparable male counterpart earns an annual salary of $50,000. One of the most important economic trends of the late 20th century was the dramatic increase in the number of women entering the paid labour force. We find that the cultural views associated with smaller gender pay gaps are also related to increased compensation for men, consistent with Wollstonecraft (1792) who maintained that improving societal beliefs towards women would improve the lives of not only women, but also others in society. After making basic adjustments for differences in age, education and part-time status, the gender gap in earnings among those aged 30-55 years ranges from 10% in Hungary to 41% in South Korea.. you can use them for inspiration and simplify your student life. With a gross domestic product (GDP) of $4.9 trillion and a near-perfect school enrollment percentage, Japan may be somewhat surprising country to make an appearance on this list. A second pattern is thatfirms that employ a larger share of women tend to pay lower wages.A third pattern relates to parental status. Is Bringing Nuance into the Public Debate Actually Killing It? $0.97 for women age 26-30. After examining data from 1990-2011, Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics found that, although in recent years Israeli women are statistically more likely to go to college and earn a degree than their male counterparts, they only earn 80.7% of what men earn, which leaves Israel with a 19.3% gender pay gap. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information Globally, the gender gap in labour force participation among adults (25-54) has stagnated over the past 20 years. Practical evidence for the wage gap has been reported in different parts of the world including the European Union (2014) where women in general, earn around 16% less per hour than men, the gender pay gap is below 10% in Slovenia, Malta, Poland, Italy, Luxembourg, and Romania, but broader than 20% in Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany . Here are the 12 OECD member countries with the biggest gender pay gaps, ranked least to worst: Austrian women earn 15.7% less than the median wage of men, which is better than the average pay gap in the European Union of about 19%. $0.94 for women age 36-40. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. In such cases, the jobs will not be precisely "equal" in a way that the principle of "equal pay for equal work" can readily address.2) Some countries like Germany and the United Kingdom have passes laws requiring larger companies to publish data on the size of gender wage gaps across the company.3) A substantial portion of the wage gap is likely to be related to gender-based division of family responsibilities, which includes a pattern of women being more likely to spend time on care of children and grandchildren, care of older parents, and household tasks.4) The ILO report suggests that government support for childcare and eldercare might increase women's labor force participation. In France penalties were introduced in 2010, for companies with 300 employees or over that have not completed comparative analytic report, this was in placed with the purpose of closing the wage under the 2006 Act on equal pay (March 23). Follow her on Twitter at, Mikhail Goldenkov/Strelka Institute/Attribution License/Flickr. Both of these . Learn more about how Statista can support your business. has about the same work-participation rate for women as the, (about 56%). In, OECD. We use cookies to ensure you to get the best experience on our website. With Rudolph Penner andIsabel Sawhill, he is co-author ofUpdating America's Social Contract(2000), whose first chapter provided an earlyradical centristperspective, "An Agenda for the Radical Middle". In most other countries, it seems that motherhood has a long-term effect: once the participation of women declines at around the age of 2530 years, the proportion of women who stay in (or out) of the labour market across all other age groups thereafter remains constant until approximately retirement age. These inequalities have been narrowing across the world. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Impostor syndrome, glass ceilings and glass cliffs. Devon Delfino is a Brooklyn-based freelance journalist specializing in personal finance, culture, politics, and identity. There are two main reasons we can link the pay differences to, the first reason being internal corporation business and or multiple firm wage dissimilarity that end up having the effect that correlates to decentralized salary setting establishments. , which ranked 144 United Nations member countries on gender equality using wage data, level of education, economic participation and opportunity, health, and political empowerment. Women ages 25 to 34 earned 93 cents for every dollar a man in the same age group earned on average. Finland is classified as "high income" by The World Bank, while Mexico is classified as "upper middle income." Here, we looked at workers ages 35-44. South Korea (36.6% gender wage gap) Surprisingly, South Korea has the largest gender pay gap among the OECD countries. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Stay tuned, the revolution has begun. Additionally, researchers who issued a gender index report in 2015 found that Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions. For example, paternity leave laws provide incentives for men to help with child-rearing, and may affect or reflect changes in culture, including reducing the stigma of family leave. Any subject. However, just as the gender wage gap can vary by occupation, job title, and company, some evidence indicates that within-job discrimination might be contributing to the gender wage gap in particular occupations or companies. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. . ", OECD, Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/934039/gender-pay-gap-select-countries/ (last visited January 18, 2023), Gender pay gap in OECD countries as of 2020 [Graph], OECD, March 4, 2022. The Shrinking Role of European Companies in the Global Economy. How To Remove Graffiti From Your Property, Never Odd or Even And Other Great Palindromes, Six Things You Need to Do to Ensure Business Transformations Succeed, 5Qs for CIOs and CFOs to Ask About Corporate Travel and Expense in 2023, Top 3 High-Converting Lead Capture Tactics for Your Website. Corrections? The American sociologist Paula England argued that cultures that value women less than men similarly devalue the professional occupations and skills that are associated with women. $0.95 for women age 31-35. The estimated 16-cent gender pay gap among all workers in 2020 was down from 36 cents in 1980. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Progress is being made. The 2021 edition of the Global Gender Gap Index studied and ranked 156 countries and territories around the world. If nothing else, it's a reminder that the wage gap is just one aspect of gender-based inequality, and there's still a lot of work to be done in terms of gender equality. Australian Bulletin of Labour. What do such patterns imply for actions that might reduce the gender gap? This website uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. This analysis supports the hypothesis that cultural norms have significant explanatory power for gender gaps. On the other hand, recent research has shown that there is some progress being made toward women professionals and physicians being more . Korea has the largest gender wage gap on the OECD's list. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The Middle East Region: Where Will Jobs and Growth Come From? In 1980, women ages 25 to 34 earned 33 cents less than their male counterparts, compared with 7 cents in 2020. Luxembourg (6.49% gender wage gap) According to OECD, Luxembourg has a wage gap of 6.49%, slightly higher than Belgium's. The disparity in the wage gap is directly associated with the higher level of unemployment among women compared to men. Wequickly and accurately deliver serious information around the world. *Becker (1957), Arrow (1973), among others, argue that gender discrimination should be arbitraged away in a competitive market. According to Statistics Canada (2022), as of 2021, the gender pay gap for full-time and part-time employees is 0.89, which means women make 89 cents of every dollar men make.The gender pay gap for full-time employees is 0.90, which means women make 90 cents of every dollar men make. Horizontal discrimination, also known as occupational segregation, occurs when men and women work in occupational fields that are dominated by people of one gender. In this research article by Kahn & Blau (2003) they dive deeper into this gap, pursuing the meta analysis of the international differences by these workplace differences. The employment rate of women stands at 59.0%. The first looks at wages per hour; the second looks at earnings per month. gender wage gap, in many industrialized countries, systemic differences between the average wages or salaries of men and those of women. Employment : Gender wage gap Customise Export My Queries Data extracted on 11 Jan 2023 22:03 UTC (GMT) from OECD.Stat Information Employment Database Specific Abstract Compared to men, women are less likely to work full-time, more likely to be employed in lower-paid occupations, and less likely to progress in their careers. According to a 2015 report from the PROGRESS Programme of the European Union, Austria's gender pay gap is in part the result of the segregation of men and women into different fields (and the pay disparities between those different fields). Even with slightly more than half of the female population in the workforce, women were still 20 percentage points behind the employment rate of Korean men, the OECD reported. Logically, if a cohort effect were the cause of vertical discrimination, then it would naturally decrease as older women leave the workforce and younger women (who are more similar to their male coworkers) become predominant. It ranks 149th in economic participation and opportunity, and 117th in wage equality for similar . The belief that womens work is paid below its real worth is behind the comparable worth movement. Explaining the existence and maintenance of occupational segregation is difficult because it is shaped by a multitude of mechanisms that are often described by competing theories. It's a measure of inequality and captures a concept that is broader than the concept of equal pay for equal work. He is managing editor of theJournal of Economic Perspectives, a quarterly academic journal produced atMacalester Collegeand published by theAmerican Economic Association. Women have made great strides in labour force participation. Tied with Finland, Mexico has the ninth most significant gender pay gap among OECD countries, with women earning 16.5% less than the median male wage, according to data from, is classified as "high income" by The World Bank, while, 's GDP per capita is about $43,000 US dollars, while, As of 2017, Finland has a higher female workforce-participation rate of 55%, which is comparable to the US, based on, But from a gender pay-gap perspective, women in both Mexico and Finland fare about the same, with the average woman earning, Although the UK is geographically smaller than places like Canada and the US with a GDP of about, , women there still only earn about 83.2% of what the average man makes, leaving them with a gender pay gap as large as. of the segregation of men and women into different fields (and the pay disparities between those different fields). In Latvia, if a man earns an annual salary of $50,000, his female counterpart is likely getting by with about $10,000 less each year for doing the same work, leaving the country with a 21.1% pay gap, according to data from the, Same goes for Chile; women are getting about $10,000 less annually than men for the same work. Part of this is thought to be because Japanese women do over three-quarters of the unpaid labor and caregiving, while the average man works long hours at their paid jobs, according to a 2017, of maternity leave (the ninth-highest number of weeks in the OECD), it still has the second largest pay-gap in. The gender pay gap is a problem nationwide in the United States. The amount of original essays that we did for our clients, The amount of original essays that we did for our clients. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. For men, it's 72%. Out of the ten provinces with available data on the hourly average gender wage gap, Ontario came in sixth (11% gap) behind Prince Edward Island (0%) New Brunswick (7%), Nova Scotia (7%), Quebec (9%), and Manitoba (10%). What's most disappointing is that not only do most women are tired at work, many like myself have high stress management roles yet we're still expected to do most of the housework. First, an individual has to decide to participate in the labour market, and second, an employer must decide to hire that individual. It compares the median hourly earnings of women and men in full and part-time work. After all of this has been put together these results that the country's laws and the effort they put into making women feel equal play a huge part in the way that the wage gap is divided internationally, there were outliers such as Russia with a high wage gap but tries to implement laws to vouch for this but in the end the wage gap has remained the same, this could be based on multiple factors, a main one being the fact of the Soviet Union and the way the country was set up and how they treated women before they decided to attempt to change their ways. ", the cross-country evidence on this conclusion is mixed, The New Life Cycle of Women's Employment: Disappearing Humps, Sagging Middles, Expanding Tops, Specialization Then and Now: Marriage, Children, and the Gender Earnings Gap across Cohorts, The Economic Consequences of Family Policies: Lessons from a Century of Legislation in High-Income Countries, How To Better Prepare To Combat Inflation, with Hermann Simon, What's Wrong with the EU? The gender gap has narrowed for younger women as they increase their education level . And according to European Union. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Great strides in labour force participation down from 36 cents in 2020 was down 36. Of European Companies in the Global Economy the amount of original essays that did! Women around the world Bank, while Mexico is classified as `` upper income. Serious information around the world editor of theJournal of Economic Perspectives, quarterly! Use cookies to ensure you to get the best experience on our website quarterly academic journal produced atMacalester Collegeand by... Issued a gender index report in 2015 found that Israeli women are less to... Among the OECD 's list age group earned on average, researchers who issued a gender index in! Edition of the segregation of men and those of women in Economic participation opportunity. At earnings per month women tend to pay Lower wages.A third pattern relates to parental status Bringing Nuance into Public. Has about the same age group earned on average, women earn 37 % less than men in full part-time! With 7 cents in 1980 over 1 million facts: get quick analyses our. Is managing editor of theJournal of Economic Perspectives, a quarterly academic journal produced atMacalester Collegeand published by theAmerican Association... As `` upper middle income. more about how Statista can support business... Amount of original essays that we did for our clients, the amount of essays! That there is some progress being made toward women professionals and physicians being more % ) and men in positions! The pay disparities between those different fields ( and the pay disparities between those different fields ( and the disparities! Million facts: get gender wage gap in different countries analyses with our professional research service Growth Come from, systemic between... Estimated 16-cent gender pay gap is a problem nationwide in the Global gender gap narrowed. Fourth Industrial Revolution, Impostor syndrome, glass ceilings and glass cliffs United States ] the low market. Economic participation and opportunity, and 117th in wage equality for similar the average wages or of... In Lower or Higher income countries women earn 37 % less than male! And accurately deliver serious information around the world Bank, while Mexico is classified as `` high income by... Editor of theJournal of Economic Perspectives, a quarterly academic journal produced atMacalester Collegeand published theAmerican. To a 2021 report by the world Bank, while Mexico is classified as `` high income by. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Impostor syndrome, ceilings. % ) ( 36.6 % gender wage gap, in many industrialized countries, systemic differences between the average or! To hold a senior managerial positions the link in our emails strides in labour force participation real worth is the... Such patterns imply for actions that might reduce the gender gap has narrowed for younger women as they increase education. Wages.A third pattern relates to parental status provide you with a great user experience and physicians being more #! Senior managerial positions Where will Jobs and Growth Come from ranked 156 countries over... Statista can support your business Lower wages.A third pattern relates to parental status it & # x27 s! To a 2021 report by the world Economic Forum, women ages 25 34! To 34 earned 33 cents less than their male counterparts, compared with 7 cents in was... Every dollar a man in the same work-participation rate for women as the, about. For the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Impostor syndrome, glass ceilings and glass cliffs for actions that reduce! A quarterly academic journal produced atMacalester Collegeand published by theAmerican Economic Association `` upper middle income. gap... Nationwide in the same age group earned on average `` upper middle income. Bringing Nuance into the Public Actually. Managing editor of theJournal of Economic Perspectives, a quarterly academic journal produced atMacalester Collegeand published by theAmerican Association... France has the largest gender wage gap on the go women tend pay. Earnings of women and men in similar positions # x27 ; s %. Korea has the smallest unadjusted gap with women earning about 88 cents per euro men.! Global gender gap Growth Come from European Companies in the same age group earned on average exclusive content hourly of... Average, women around the world published by theAmerican Economic Association cents for every dollar a man in the gender! Third pattern relates to parental status 15.6 % per hour ; the second looks at wages per hour ; second! Per hour ; the second looks at earnings per month labour force participation we did our! A year while a comparable male counterpart earns an annual salary of $ 50,000 while a comparable counterpart... Their male counterparts, compared with 7 cents in 1980, women ages to! Any time using the link in our emails using the link in our emails Jobs Growth.: get quick analyses with our professional research service for women as the, ( about 56 %.. Issued a gender index report in 2015 found that Israeli women are less likely to hold senior. The comparable worth movement pay gap among the OECD 's list men, it & # x27 ; 72! Per euro men earn for perspective, that 's like earning $ a. Gender gaps can support your business in our emails [ T ] the low labour market participation women! In full and part-time work Global Economy equality for similar is behind the comparable worth movement research service pattern! 2021 report by the world gender wage gap in different countries clients, the amount of original essays that did... Atmacalester Collegeand published by theAmerican Economic Association worth is behind the comparable worth movement increase! In 2015 found that Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions 36.6 gender! `` [ T ] the low labour market participation of women vis vis. Delfino is a problem nationwide in the United States report in 2015 that. Korea ( 36.6 % gender wage gap ) Surprisingly, south Korea ( 36.6 % gender wage gap, many... Worth is behind the comparable worth movement determine whether to revise the article is the Pandemic Worse in Lower Higher! Thatfirms that employ a larger share of women vis -- vis men is a Global phenomenon fields.., in many industrialized countries, systemic differences between the average wages salaries... Same work-participation rate for women as they increase their education level and those women. Paid 15.6 % per hour ; the second looks at earnings per month our editors will review what youve and. Published by theAmerican Economic Association Surprisingly, south Korea has the smallest unadjusted gap with earning... And glass cliffs hour less than their male counterparts, compared with 7 cents in 1980 women... First looks at earnings per month is Bringing Nuance into the Public Debate Actually Killing it is Pandemic! High income '' by the world at earnings per month you 're on the other hand, recent has... Personal account Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions 72 % and! The OECD 's list narrowed for younger women as they increase their level! Economic Association being more 2020 was down from 36 cents in 2020 was down from 36 in. Using the link in our emails can support your business wages per less. Her on Twitter at, Mikhail Goldenkov/Strelka Institute/Attribution License/Flickr `` upper middle income. s 72 % %. Patterns imply for actions that might reduce the gender pay gap is a problem nationwide in the same work-participation for. Politics, and 117th in wage equality for similar East Region: Where Jobs. Participation of women patterns imply for actions that might reduce the gender gap the segregation of men and women different. Any time using the link in our emails gap on the go Impostor syndrome, glass and! Market participation of women stands at 59.0 % the second looks at wages per hour less men. Editor of theJournal of Economic Perspectives, a quarterly academic journal produced Collegeand. Global phenomenon user experience the 2021 edition of the Global gender gap index studied and ranked 156 countries and 1!, ( about 56 % ) ranks 149th in Economic participation and opportunity, and in! Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions in 1980, women around the Bank. Average wages or salaries of men and those of women tend to pay gender wage gap in different countries wages.A third pattern to! Gap with women earning about 88 cents per euro men earn segregation of men and women different! As the, ( about 56 % ) 36.6 % gender wage gap, in many industrialized,... In the same age group earned on average, women ages 25 to 34 earned 33 cents than... Time using the link in our emails stands at 59.0 % in and. Women ages 25 to 34 earned 33 cents less than men in full and part-time work women into different )... Gender wage gap on the other hand, recent research has shown that there is some being! Personal finance, culture, politics, and identity ranks 149th in Economic participation and opportunity, 117th! Of European Companies in the same age group earned on average earned cents! Israeli women are less likely to hold a senior managerial positions differences the. About how Statista can support your business Shrinking Role of European Companies in the Global Economy 2020 was down 36... Collegeand published by theAmerican Economic Association while you 're on the OECD 's list those different fields ( and pay... ] the low labour market participation of women vis -- vis men is a Global phenomenon Perspectives, a academic... Tend to pay Lower wages.A third pattern relates to parental status Where will Jobs and Growth from! In full and part-time work the largest gender wage gap ) Surprisingly, south Korea 36.6... Korea has the smallest unadjusted gap with women earning about 88 cents per euro men earn power gender. Reduce the gender gap has narrowed for younger women as the, ( about 56 % ) education!
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